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Basics of English Grammar

Lesson 1 [The Sentence]

Definition of the Sentence

A group of words which makes complete sense is called a Sentence.

Kinds of Sentences

1.) Assertive Sentence

A sentence that makes a statement is called an Assertive Sentence.As-

Ram is a good boy.

2.) Interrogative Sentence

A sentence that asks a question named an Interrogative Sentence.As-

What is your name?

3.) Imperative Sentence

A sentence that shows a command or request, called an Imperative Sentence.As-

Be quite.

4.) Exclamatory Sentence

An Exclamatory Sentence expresses strong feeling.As-

What a bother!

Lesson 2 [Subject and Predicate]

Every sentence has two parts:

(1) Subject, and (2) Predicate

1.) Subject

The part of the sentence which names the thing or person we are speaking about is called the Subject of the sentence.

2.) Predicate:

The part of the sentence which tells something about the subject is called the Predicate of the sentence.

Note: In the imperative sentence the subject is left out. Example-

Be quite.

Lesson 3 [Parts of Speech]

Words are divided into different types called Parts of Speech. Following are the kinds of the parts of speech-

1.) Noun:-

Noun is the name

of a person, place or thing. Example:

Rahul, Cow, New Delhi etc.

2.) Pronoun:-

Pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. Example:

He, she, you, our etc.

3.) Adjective:-

An adjective qualifies a noun or pronoun. Example:

He is a brave boy.

4.) Verb:-

Verb is a word which says something about any person or thing. Example:

Play, write, come, go etc.

5.) Adverb:-

Adverb is a word which modifies the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Example:

Fast, slowly, soon etc.

6.) Preposition:-

A preposition is a word which is used with a noun or pronoun to show its relation with something or other words. Example:

In, upon, on, up, down, at etc.

7.) Conjunction:-

A conjunction is a word which is used to join words or sentences. Example:

Or, and, but etc.

8.) Interjection:-

An interjection is a word which shows some sudden feelings of sorrow, joy or surprise. Example:

Oh!, hurrah!, alas! etc.

Lesson 4 [The Noun]

Definition:- Noun is the name of a person, place

or thing. As-

Virat, Kanpur, Dog and etc.

Kinds of Noun

1.) Proper Noun: Proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing. As-

Rohit, Delhi, Ganga and etc.

2.) Common Noun: Common noun is a name common to every person or thing of the same class. As-

Girl, boy, river and etc.

3.) Collective Noun: Collective noun is the name of the number of persons or things, which are spoken as a whole. As-

Class, crowd, army, nation, family and many others.

4.) Abstract Noun: Abstract noun is the name of a quality, action or state considered apart from the object to which it belongs. As-

Honestly, truth, love, kindness and etc.

5.) Material Noun: Material noun is the name of some substance or metal. As-

Silver, water, iron, wood and etc.

Lesson-5 [The Adjective]

Definition: An Adjective is a word which qualifies a noun or pronoun. As:
Renu is a clever girl.
Rohit is a good boy.
Let’s discuss about the types of Adjective.

Kinds of Adjective

1.) Adjective of Quality:
As identified by the name, it shows the kind or quality of a noun or pronoun. As:
Jayant is a brave boy.
Delhi is a large city.

2.) Adjective of Quantity:
It shows that how much of a thing is in result. As:
Yogesh has enough money.
Vishal did not eat any rice.

3.) Adjective of Number:
The Adjective of Number shows the number of a noun or pronoun. As:
He has two mangoes.
There are many mistakes in your notebook.

Note- There are three types of numeral Adjective such as Definite Numeral Adjective, Indefinite Numeral Adjective and Distributive Numeral Adjective.

4.) Demonstrative Adjective:
Demonstrative Adjective indicates toward a noun or pronoun. As:
That girl is intelligent.
I hate such things.

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